APA (7th Edition) Style Guide: Formatting & Paper Elements

• Use 1" margins for the entire document.
• Use a 1/2" indent for every paragraph and footnote.
• Indent set-off quotations 1/2" from the left margin.

• Text font:
  • Should be accessible to all users
  • The same font should be used throughout the paper
  • San serif fonts preferred for online works (Recommend 11pt Calibri, 11-point Arial, or 10pt Lucida Sans Unicode)
  • Serif fonts preferred for print works (Recommend 12pt Times New Roman or 11pt Georgia)
• Font size and type exceptions:
  • Figure images- use a sans serif font with a type size between 8 and 14
  • Computer code- use a monospace font (ex. 10pt Lucida Console or 10pt Courier New)
  • Footnotes- default footnote settings of word-processing program acceptable
• Do not justify the text or use hyphenation.
• One space after a period

• Include a running head on every page (Running Head does not apply to academic/student papers)
  • Doesn't have to be the same as the title, but limited to 50 characters and conveys the idea of the title
  • If the title is less than 50 characters, can be used as running head
  • Avoid using abbreviations in the running head
  • Appears flush left in all-capital letters
• The page number should be flush right.

• The title should be typed in title case, bold, centred and positioned in the upper half of the title page
  • If the title is longer than one line, separate the title and subtitle on double-spaced lines if desired
• Center the author's/authors' name directly under the title.
• Format the name omitting titles (Dr, Prof, etc.) and degrees: First name, middle initial, last name.
• Center the institutional affiliation directly under the author's/authors' name.
• Author's note (not applicable to student papers)
• Student papers should include:
  • Course number and name of course
  • Instructor name
  • Assignment due date
• Running head in the page header, flush left (not applicable to student papers)
• Page number in the page header, flush right

• Begin introduction on a new page.
• Type the title in title case, bold, centred and positioned at the top of the first page of text
• Do not type the heading "Introduction," title will act as de facto Level 1 heading
• Use Level 2 heading for any subsections within the introduction, Level 3 for subsections of Level 2, and so on
• Use Level 1 heading for the next main section of the paper

• Starts on a new page
• The word "References" should appear (without quotation marks) centred at the top of the page, bold
• Double-space all reference entries
• Use a hanging indent for reference- the first line of each reference is flush with the left margin while subsequent lines are indented.
• Example:

  • Savage, T. (2007). Relationship between assault frequency and

length of hospitalization in older patients with dementia: Determining the maximum benefit of inpatient treatment. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 33(4), 13–20. https://www.healio.com/nursing/journals/jgn

•  Use footnotes to provide additional content or acknowledge copyright permission
• Content footnotes convey just one idea and only include simple, relevant or essential information
• Use a footnote to acknowledge the source of lengthy quotes, scale and test items, and figures or tables that have been reproduced or adapted
• Number all footnotes consecutively in the order they appear, use superscript Arabic numerals within the text
• Appear in the footer or on a separate page following references
  • For separate page- Label section "Footnotes" in bold, centred at the top of the page.  Write footnotes as double-spaced indented paragraphs which begin with superscript footnote number.

• Begin each appendix on a new page following references and footnotes (if applicable).
• If single appendix, label page "Appendix."
• If there is more than one appendix, label each with a capital letter (ex. "Appendix A," "Appendix B" and so forth) in the order they're mentioned in the text
• If the appendix includes text, the text should be written as regular indented paragraphs
  • If the text appendix contains tables, figures, footnotes and/or display equations, give each one a number preceded by the letter of the appendix in which it appears (ex. Figure A2 for the second figure in Appendix A).
• If appendix "consists of only a table or figure, then the appendix label takes the place of the table or figure number and the appendix title takes the place of the table or figure title."

Adapted from American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed).  https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000